热痉挛间歇性痉挛,可以影响一个人在做激烈的体育活动在炎热和潮湿的环境中。抽筋是自愿的,可以痛苦,令人担忧。热痉挛与热相关的疾病的早期症状,也可以是中暑的症状。导致痉挛,通常在较大的压力下的肌肉在热环境中,热痉挛也可以来,小时后活动已经结束。例如,盖屋顶的人或建筑工人可以完成他们的转变但发展热痉挛几小时后。有些职业——那些建筑工人和屋顶工刚刚提到的,例如,有更高的风险热痉挛。这些经历锻炼人散热表面工作,以及来自太阳的热量。风险也在炎热条件婴儿,儿童,老人,和其他那些温度控制机制是妥协。过热的身体的自然反应是通过出汗降温,然后需要汗水蒸发。婴幼儿经常可以接触到热痉挛的风险,因为他们依赖别人帮助处理热,以及液体摄入量。 For this reason, it’s advisable to avoid swaddling an infant. It’s better instead to allow air movement over the skin to promote sweat evaporation in the hot weather. The elderly can easily become dehydrated if they have underlying medical conditions, such as heart or lung disease. Many also live alone or cannot afford air conditioning, which again increases their risks for heat-related illnesses. Various medications can impair the body’s sweat and heat regulation. Examples include medications prescribed for psychiatric conditions, including antipsychotics and tranquilisers, as well as over-the-counter cold medications and antihistamines. A person who drinks plenty of water or other fluids can also be at risk if those fluids are low in salt and the person sweats profusely.
诊断热痉挛通常是通过识别哪些肌肉也在不由自主的痉挛和回顾病人的历史。这将是有用的细节了解人的环境成为影响热痉挛。细节将包括多热,潮湿,和空气循环是否足够。也感兴趣的:正在执行的活动及其持续时间;当开始抽筋,肌肉参与。有关联的出汗?这个人一直喝足够的水吗?是影响个体适应炎热的环境?体格检查可能会发现脱水的迹象,如口干、舌,缺乏汗水腋窝和腹股沟,尿量减少。生命体征——例如,低血压和快速心率(心动过速)——可能是一个线索。 The affected person's blood pressure may be much lower when standing compared to lying down (orthostatic hypotension). If fluid replacement has been inadequate, cramps may recur when the muscle is taken through its normal range of motion. The cramped muscles might be sore to touch.
热痉挛的症状是什么?
热痉挛的症状包括无意识的痉挛肌肉的身体和大汗。受影响的肌肉群通常包括大腿和腿(股四头肌、腿腱腓肠肌),核心肌肉(腹壁、背),和手臂的肌肉(肱二头肌,肱三头肌)。腿肌肉痉挛折磨运动员和足球运动员。提升对象在他们工作的人可以在他们的手臂肌肉抽筋或核心躯干肌肉,腹部肌肉等(腹直肌abdominus)。尿液的颜色可以显示热痉挛或与热相关的疾病。当身体有充足的水,尿会清楚。但是当身体脱水,尿液浓缩为肾脏尽量节约用水。结果尿是有强烈气味的,暗黄色。有时一个人热痉挛可以有其他症状,如头晕、无力、恶心、呕吐、头痛。在这种情况下,他或她可能患有中暑。 Be on the alert if an affected individual has stopped sweating or becomes confused or feverish. They may be developing heat stroke, the most severe form of heat-related illness or hyperthermia. Heat stroke is a true medical emergency.
如何治疗热痉挛
急救治疗热痉挛需要休息,冷却身体,水化,拉伸肌肉痉挛。热痉挛应该及时治疗,通常他们在何时何地发生。受影响的人应该停止一切活动,在阴凉的地方休息。可以克服轻轻伸展的抽筋的肌肉(s)。流体损失应该取而代之的是饮用水和运动饮料,或其他电解质替代解决方案。你可以让你的盐溶液溶解1/4到1/2茶匙的食盐1 l的水。盐平板电脑本身不推荐,因为它们会导致肠胃不适,不足以取代体液丢失。如果抽筋不能被控制在一个小时内,应寻求医疗护理。专业医疗护理重点是缓解症状。医生会检查更严重中暑,并可能提供静脉补液。 Fluids are administered intravenously when replacing body fluids is problematic because of the patient being nauseous or vomiting. Anti-nausea medications may be used to control those symptoms. Painful muscles may be treated with over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications. The difference between heat cramps and heat exhaustion is a fine line. We’re dealing with a spectrum from mild to moderate heat-related illness. The symptoms can overlap. Severe heat cramps can actually be heat exhaustion. This is likely the case when the person has nausea, or vomits, and cannot replace fluid loss. Also, when they have significant fatigue and weakness, or when profuse sweating continues despite the person being transferred to a cooler environment. Heat stroke is at the extreme end of the spectrum of heat-related illness. This is when the body's ability to cool itself no longer functions and temperature spikes, greater than 40° C (104° F). Heat stroke is a true medical emergency. Confusion, coma, and death can occur. Emergency medical services should be called (000) immediately, if you believe the person has heat stroke. Please also refer to the article中暑的急救如何进行。